Medievalismo e Feminismo

O presente artigo foi redigido originalmente em inglês, cujo título é Medievalism and Feminism, de autoria da professora e pesquisadora Judith Bennett, publicado pela The University of Chicago Press (1993). Trata-se de uma discussão interessada em teorizar sobre o conceito de gênero a partir dos estudos empreendidos pelos medievalistas

Assessing Oral Health Curriculum in U.S. Family Medicine Residency Programs: A National Survey

Background: During the past decade, national initiatives have called for improved oral health (OH) training for physicians. However, how Family Medicine residency programs have answered this call is unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine how much oral health education is being provided to Family Medicine residents, if the program directors are aware of the importance of oral health, and if there are specific barriers to teaching oral health curricula in these programs. Methods: 452 Family Medicine residency directors were surveyed about numbers of hours of OH teaching, topics covered, and perceived barriers to this education. Results: 72% of respondents agreed that OH is an important topic, but only 32% were satisfied with their residents\u27 competency in OH. All but 4% of programs address OH in their curricula; 52% reported 1-2 hours and 45% reported 3+ hours of OH teaching. Most commonly covered topics were prevention and care of caries (89%) and pediatric screening (85%); less covered topics included fluoride varnish (58%) and pregnancy and oral health (61%). Barriers to OH education included competing priorities (85%), inadequate time (69%), and lack of faculty expertise (52%). Awareness of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine\u27s Smiles for Life (SFL) curriculum and the use of SFL modules were associated with increased hours of training. Training in fluoride varnish, but not the application itself, was associated with more hours of OH curriculum. Residency directors who indicated competing priorities or lack of faculty expertise as barriers reported fewer hours of OH training. Conclusion: Findings suggest that Family Medicine programs are including more hours than previously, yet continued efforts are needed to cover core OH topics and increase residents’ competence. Awareness of STFM\u27s Smiles for Life and use of its modules were associated with increased hours of training

Assessing Oral Health Curriculum in US Family Medicine Residency Programs: A CERA Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During the past decade, national initiatives have called for improved oral health training for physicians. We do not know, however, how family medicine residency programs have answered this call. METHODS: Family medicine residency directors completed a survey that asked how many hours of oral health teaching are included in their programs in addition to what topics are covered and the perceived barriers to this education. The response rate was 35%. RESULTS: A total of 72% of respondents agreed that oral health is an important topic, but only 32% are satisfied with their residents\u27 competency in oral health. Barriers to this education included competing priorities (85%), inadequate time (69%), and lack of faculty expertise (52%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that programs are including more hours than in previous years, yet continued efforts are needed to cover core oral health topics and increase the competency of family medicine residents. Awareness of STFM\u27s Smiles for Life and use of its modules were associated with increased hours of training

Assessment and practical science:identifying generalizable characteristics of written assessments that reward and incentivise effective practices in practical science lessons

High-stakes assessments prominently influence what is done in secondary school science lessons (‘washback’ effects). It is therefore important that assessments of knowledge and understanding gained from practical work are constructed to reward and incentivise effective practices in practical work. To do that, they must differentiate between pupils who have experienced practical work in different ways. This empirical, mixed-methods study identifies generalizable characteristics of written assessments that differentially reward pupils who experienced practical activities through hands-on work, teacher demonstration, video demonstration, or reading about the activity. Conclusions are drawn from 1486 post-intervention tests completed by pupils aged 14–15 in England, from lesson observations and teacher interviews. This study also identifies pedagogical practices that were more noticeable in practical work that was most rewarded by the written assessments: the work was teacher-guided; and pupils were encouraged to be active participants. Existing literature describes negative washback effects of high-stakes, written assessments that limit the use and effectiveness of practical work as a pedagogical tool. We describe ways in which written assessments could be constructed to better reward effective practices in practical work (practices that better support learning), with the intention of having positive washback effects on pedagogy by better incentivising these practices

Platelet-Associated Matrix Metalloproteinases Regulate Thrombus Formation and Exert Local Collagenolytic Activity

Objective Platelets are increasingly implicated in processes beyond hemostasis and thrombosis, such as vascular remodeling. Members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family not only remodel the extracellular matrix but also modulate platelet function. Here, we made a systematic comparison of the roles of MMP family members in acute thrombus formation under flow conditions and assessed platelet-dependent collagenolytic activity over time. Approach and Results Pharmacological inhibition of MMP-1 or MMP-2 (human) or deficiency in MMP-2 (mouse) suppressed collagen-dependent platelet activation and thrombus formation under flow, whereas MMP-9 inhibition/deficiency stimulated these processes. The absence of MMP-3 was without effect. Interestingly, MMP-14 inhibition led to the formation of larger thrombi, which occurred independently of its capacity to activate MMP-2. Platelet thrombi exerted local collagenolytic activity capable of cleaving immobilized dye-quenched collagen and fibrillar collagen fibers within hours, with loss of the majority of the platelet adhesive properties of collagen as a consequence. This collagenolytic activity was redundantly mediated by platelet-associated MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 but occurred independently of platelet -granule release (Nbeal2(-/-) mice). The latter was in line with subcellular localization experiments, which indicated a granular distribution of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in platelets, distinct from -granules. Whereas MMP-9 protein could not be detected inside platelets, activated platelets did bind plasma-derived MMP-9 to their plasma membrane. Overall, platelet MMP activity was predominantly membrane-associated and influenced by platelet activation status. Conclusions Platelet-associated MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 differentially modulate acute thrombus formation and at later time points limit thrombus formation by exerting collagenolytic activity

An Atlas of Halpha and R Images and Radial Profiles of 63 Bright Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies

Narrow-band Halpha and broadband R images and radial profiles are presented for 63 bright spiral galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. The sample is complete for Sb-Scd galaxies with B magnitude less than 12 and inclination less than 75 degrees. Isophotal radii, disk scalelengths, concentration parameters, and integrated fluxes are derived for the sample galaxies.Comment: 46 pages, 8 figures, including 15 pages of atlas images. Higher resolution postscript versions of the image and radial profile figures are available at http://www1.union.edu/~koopmanr/preprints.html . Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Supplement Serie

Measuring Biodiversity and Extinction – Present and Past

How biodiversity is changing in our time represents a major concern for all organismal biologists. Anthropogenic changes to our planet are decreasing species diversity through the negative effects of pollution, habitat destruction, direct extirpation of species, and climate change. But major biotic changes – including those that have both increased and decreased species diversity – have happened before in Earth’s history. Biodiversity dynamics in past eras provide important context to understand ecological responses to current environmental change. The work of assessing biodiversity is woven into ecology, environmental science, conservation, paleontology, phylogenetics, evolutionary and developmental biology, and many other disciplines; yet, the absolute foundation of how we measure species diversity depends on taxonomy and systematics. The aspiration of this symposium, and complementary contributed talks, was to promote better understanding of our common goals and encourage future interdisciplinary discussion of biodiversity dynamics. The contributions in this collection of papers bring together a diverse group of speakers to confront several important themes. How can biologists best respond to the urgent need to identify and conserve diversity? How can we better communicate the nature of species across scientific disciplines? Where are the major gaps in knowledge about the diversity of living animal and plant groups, and what are the implications for understanding potential diversity loss? How can we effectively use the fossil record of past diversity and extinction to understand current biodiversity loss